(ECOST, Jerusalem,
Israel),
(St.-Petersburg
medical academy by I. Mechnicov, St.-Petersburg, Russia)
( E-mail:
loqus@hotmail.com)
аBiological charge of the human
and ways of their measurements with an estimation of an industrial ecological
and ergonomics situation
аааааааа
Any production is made as a result of work of system "human -
machine". In this systemа a
machines carry out the certain part of work. With the performance of work they
make the certain technical expenses, for example electric power, materials etc.
аааааааа
The people in this system carry out the part of works and spend on it
the certain efforts - physicals and psyhologicals. Let's name size of these
efforts as лbiological charge╗.
The technical expenses of machines are determined
exactly. The biological expenses of the human ( the basic parameters of
biological expenses of the human are load of labour and intensity of labour)
are determined approximately.
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The influence of working conditions also is determined approximately -
with the help of various systems of numbers. It is explained by absence of
methods of exact measurement of quantity of labor.
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This work considers questions of an exact estimation of biological
expenses of the human in industrial and other processes.
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The carried out work renders on organism of the human the certain
influence by physical and psyhological loading.These loadings cause in organism
of the human the certain reactions - functional shifts.The functional shifts
provide indemnification of influence of loadings for preservation of biological
balance of organism of the human.
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Size and quantity of functional shifts depend on size and kind of
loading.
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Therefore whole complex of functional shifts we have named "
Biological charge of the human". For the decision of a question on a
quantitative estimation of biological expenses of the person we carried out the
analysis of a nature of functional shifts and their interrelations among
themselves.
аааааааа We
considered organism of the human as the closed biological system which is
taking place in conditions of unstable balance. The balanceТs conditionsаа of this biological system are provided with
all organs and systems: by vascular system, respiratory system etc. The organs
and systems are in continuous interaction among themselves with the help of
positive and negative feed-backs. Therefore any loading influences юn all
organs and systems. The various loadings only distribute the influence on organs
and systems differently. It causes various functional shifts.
аааааааа
Also it was necessary to solve the problem on a quantitative estimation
of importance of organs and systems of the humanТs organismа for maintenance of his ability to live.
ааа аааааIt is known, that each organ or system
carry out in organism of the human the certain role for maintenance of his
biological balance.
аааааааа If
the work of that or other organ is broken, there is complete or partial natural
indemnification of it's function by other organ or system or artificial
indemnification by rendering the appropriate medical help (for example with
diabetes, withа artificial limbs etc.).
аааааааа If
indemnification is sufficient also biological balance is kept - organism of the
human keeps the viability. If the balance is not kept -human perishs.а
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It is necessary to take into account, that for maintenance of the
serviceability all the organs and the systems of the human should be exposed to
the appropriate loadings for training.
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Therefore it is obvious, that the organs and systems of the human cannot
be devided on more important and less important.
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There is not important, which organ or system are subjected to loadings,
but the consequences of influence of these loadings are important.
аааааааа It is necessary quantitatively to
estimate results of influence of various loadings on human organism.
аааааааа
Considering results of influence on human organismа of various loadings as on biological system
which is taking place in conditions of unstable balance, it is possible to see,
that the absolute size of functional shift depends on absolute size of this
influence, and alsoа time of recreation
of absolute size of functional shift (Fig. 1).
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The estimation of consequences of this influence can be appreciated by
definition ergoemcost*а and specific
ergoemcost**, in which basis the measurement of time of restoration of
functional shifts is necessary (юn the method Dobroborski-Kadiskin).а
аааааааа Therefore for researches of influence on organism of the human of various
loadings the following rules were accepted:
аааааааааа 1. аAll organs andа systems of human organismаа
are equivalent for maintenance of his ability to live.
аа аааааааа2.а A measure of size
of influence on human organismаа of
different loading are the size of parameters ergoemcost and specific
ergoemcost.а
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The realization of researches with useа
the specified rules has allowed to decide the problem of a
commensurability various on a nature of loadings influencing on human, and also
various on a nature of functional shifts.
аааааааа As
it is visible from fig.1, in a phase of rest the sizes of functional shifts
decrease till an exponentially.а
Therefore definition of time of recreation of functional shifts has
appeared direct methods impossible. The special computer programs
"Loqus-97" and "Loqus-99"а
were developed which has supplied high accuracy of measurements.ааа Special mathematical methods which are taking
into account a biological nature of functional shifts were developed.
аааааа * Ergoemcostа
аis the parameter,а whichа
characterizes quantityааа
nesessaryа timeаа forаааа
human'sа organism юnа
riseа andа recreationа
ofа functionalа shifts,а
inа the resultа ofа
theirа contactаа toа
sourcesа of loadsа inа
the appropriate conditions.
ааааааааааа
аааа ** Specific
ergoemcost is the parameter, which characterizes ratio of time of recreation ofаа functionalаа shiftsа duringа rest to time of their rise during work.
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