E. Kadiskin (St.-Petersburg, Russia),� B. Dobroborski ( Jerusalem, Israel)

 

ERGOEMCOST of TECHNICAL PRODUCTS.

FEATURES of ITS MEASUREMENTS And MATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS

 

�������� Large successes of a science in the field of medicine of labour achieved in second half of 20-th century and, as a consequence, decision of large group of scientific and technical problems on increase of adaptability to manufacture and the safety of operation of various technical products, have raised the question about necessity of an objective quantitative estimation of measures directed on improvement of conditions and safety of labour.�

�������� Various systems, used for this purpose, of numbers stipulated by the appropriate normative documents Russia and other countries, and also ISO (for example Sanitary rules and norms

2.2.2. 540-96 "The hygienic requirements to hand-operated tools and organization of works", "Hygienic criteria of an estimation and classification of working conditions by parameters harmful and danger of the factors of industrial environment, the weights and intensity of labour process � 2.2.0-99" etc. contain a number of not enough ways of an estimation of working conditions ("Capacity of external work", "Inconvenient a pose" and other), that does not provide its objective, supplied� metrologic a quantitative estimation.

As a result of the researches, carried out by us, with reference to the hand-operated mechanized tools, workplaces of the industrial enterprises and other sources of loading was certain, that instead of definition of limiting allowable importance of the factors of loading on size of functional shifts it is necessary these importance to determine on time of restoration of these shifts after termination action of loading���

�������� The parameters describing time of restoration of functional shifts, have received the names "Ergoemcost" and " Specific ergoemcost ".

�������� As the common law of dependence of time of restoration of functional shifts from their initial size and conditions of rest in the first approach has a kind exhibitors, the difficult problem suffices there was an exact definition of time of restoration of functional shifts, as their size decreases till an exhibitor, for what the special computer program ensuring the preliminary mathematical analysis of received experimental data, choice of criteria for accounts and account was developed, as a result of which the complete time ������������� of functional shifts with necessary accuracy is determined.

�������� However definition of complete time of time of restoration of functional shifts does not give the complete characteristic of researched processes, as in them the structure and size of all functional shifts, caused by the appropriate loading is not reflected.

�������� For the decision of this question by us were developed a technique and rules of construction ERGOGRAMM - carried out in a tabulared or graphic kind of display of the information about time of restoration of all functional shifts occurring in organizm of the person.

�������� The example of construction is given such ergogramm on Fig.1.

�������� With experimental loading in organizm of the person more 30 functional shifts covering practically all bodies and system were fixed. From them was allocated 9, restored most slow (on Fig.1 - thin lines).

�������� As it is visible from Fig.1, from 9 allocated functional shifts, 4-th - the diastolic arterial pressure -is restored most slow.

������� Under it size ergoemcost also is determined.

�������� Under other conditions of experiment there were functional shifts with other distribution on time of restoration, but with that by time of restoration of the slowest shift - diastolic arterial pressure� - that is with the same size ergoemcost (on Fig.1 - thick lines).

�������� Thus it is obvious, that the definition only ergoemcost does not provide the complete information on processes proceeding in organizm the person, and the analysis of distribution of time of restoration of functional shifts is necessary for the more complete characteristic of process.

��������� As a result of the carried out researches we certain the list of the basic functional shifts subject to measurement during researches, there is enough of all bodies, full reflecting a condition, both systems organizm of the person and list of loadings caused by work of the person with the machine. As is known, at serially let out machines the disorder of parameters of each their type is rather insignificant also they have the certain set of sources of loading on the person, working with them, (physical efforts, vibration, noise, weight, etc.), at the same time different types of machines have significant distinctions of these parameters.

�������� Thus, as a result of the analysis ergogramm of functional shifts depending on combinations of meanings ergonomics of parameters of machines with a plenty of experiments there is a basic opportunity to make the mathematical analysis with the purpose to establish functional dependences between various bodies and systems organizm of the person with those or other loadings.�