аDoctor Boris
Dobroborski
The chief of a department of firm " Sensor
"
Doctor ┼lena
Kadiskin
The senior lecturer of the St.-Petersburg
medical academy by him I.I.Mechnicov
Objective
quantitative estimation of ergonomic parameters of technical products with the
help of the specialized computer program " Loqus 2003.1"
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The specialized computer program " Loqus
2003.1", developed by firm " Sensor " (Russia, St.-Petersburg)
in 2003, for the first time makes an objective quantitative estimation of
ergonomic parameters of technical products by accounts ergoemcost *, structural
analysis of distribution ergoemcost ** and definition specific ergoemcost ***
of various technical products.а
The computer program " Loqus 2003.1"
is developed on the basis of the long-term scientific researches which have
been originally carried out by firm " Loqus " (
By the mentioned above researches was
established, that criterion of an objective quantitative estimation of
influence on organism of the man of various loadings is not the size of
functional shifts, and time of their restoration caused by these loadings (time
of rest).
The application of this criterion
simultaneously has supplied also decision of a problem of a commensurability
various on a nature of ergonomic parameters, and also commensurability among
themselves of various functional shifts, both physical, and psychological.
However task the exact measurement of time of
restoration of functional shifts suffices was by enough difficult problem for
the following reasons:
The process of restoration of functional shifts
looks like exhibitors, which general view is submitted in a fig. 1 (curve 1).
As it is visible from a fig. 1, the steepness
of change of size of functional shift on time decreases, aspiring to zero in
this connection precisely to measure the moment of end of restoration of
functional shifts practically it is impossible.
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Fig. 1. Law of restoration functional
shifts from time during rest.
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- Curve of restoration of functional shifts at absence of random factors;
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2 Ц Zone of disorder of meanings of functional shifts at presence of
random factors.
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At
significant change of researched physiological parameter, for example at change
of frequency of intimate reductions from a reference value 60
reductions/minuteа up to 130 reductions/minute
under influence of loading, during rest, after removal of loading, at first
process of restoration of functional shift really occurs on exhibitor to the
law.аааааааааааааааааааааааааааааааааааааааааааааааааааааааааааааааааааааааааааааа
However, coming nearer to the reference value
appropriate condition of rest, the meaning of this parameter in the increasing
degree is exposed to influence of other parameters and loadings having casual
character, therefore it can not coincide with a reference value, forming a zone
of disorder 2, shown on a fig. 1.ааааааааа
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This problem was decided by the analysis of
laws of a biological nature of process of restoration of functional shifts, in
particular of principles of a continuity and monotony.
The results of this analysis have allowed to
develop mathematical methods ensuring with enough by high accuracy the
objective quantitative characteristic of this process, unequivocally dependent
from actually time of restoration of functional shifts.
On the basis of these mathematical methods, in
view of a commensurability among themselves of various functional shifts,
special computer program " Loqus 2003.1" also was developed.аааааааааааааааааааааааааааааааааа
The computer program " Loqus 2003.1"
contains two independent from each other programs:ааааааа
1. Program " The Protocol of researches
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2. Program " Psychological researches
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In the program " The Protocol of
researches ", being basic, all accounts and mathematical analysisа of ergoemcost researched technical products
will be carried out.а
The program " Psychological researches
" is additional and can be used at definition of size of psychological
loadings.аааааа
It contains till four variants electronic
psychological tables such as "Attention" and "Stability"
and program " the Protocol of psychological researches ", with which
help the accountsа of each kind ï
psychologicalа researches are made, which
results then are entered in the program " The Protocol of researches
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The essence of a technique of definition of
parameters ergoemcost and specific ergoemcost consists in the following:
1. Determine the list of six physiological
parameters subject to measurements during researches;
2. Measure meanings of physiological parameters
till item 1 prior to the beginning work.
3. Measure meanings of functional shifts of
physiological parameters at once after a closing -up, during rest, and then
periodically, through the certain period ofа
ааа time.
4. Calculate ergoemcost of each of six
physiological parameters;
5. Calculate percentage distribution of
ergoemcostes ;
6. Calculate specific ergoemcost.
аThis technique
is completely realized in the program " The Protocol of researches "
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For realization of this technique the program
" the Protocol of researches " provides performance of the following
operations:а
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Stage 1. Researches
before work.ааааааааааа
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1. Temporary record of the names anyone of six
physiological parameters with any units of measurements, subjects to
researches;
2. Temporary record of the measured reference
values of physiological parameters prior to the beginning work. As the
measurements can have this or thatаа
ааа
error, the program stipulates account them average of meanings in case
of recurrence of these measurements (up to five).а
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Stage 2. Researches
after work (during rest).
1. Input of meanings of the periods of
measurements of physiological parameters;
2. Temporary record of the measured meanings of
functional shifts through the established periods from a beginning of rest (up
to 15 periods);
3. Accounts ergoemcost of each of six
functional shifts;
4. Account of percentage distribution of the
meanings,а received till item 3,
ergoemcost;
5. Input of an operating time;
6. Account specific ergoemcost.аа
At realization of psychological researches with
use of the program. " Psychological researches " the received results
are entered in the program " The Protocol of researches ". Thus all
accounts in the program " The Protocol of researches " will be
carried out not so for six physiological parameters, and for eight.
Practical use of the computer program "
Loqus 2003.1" has shown its high efficiency, and not it is so much in a
question of a quantitative estimation of influence on organism of the man of
various loadings, how many in definition of ergonomic parameters of researched
technical products influencing him heaviest.
аIt has
allowed to define most effectual measures on improvement of ergonomic
parameters of technical products.
The basic results of the carried out researches
are published on a site www.interlibrary.narod.ru
, section Ergonomic.
а*аааааа Ergoemcost - ergonomic parameter
describing time of restoration of functional shifts;
а**аааа Structural analysis of ergoemcost
distributionа - percentage distribution
of meanings calculated of ergoemcostes ;а
а***аа Specific ergoemcost - meaning of ergoemcost,
depending on time of influence of loading.