V.Maimulov,
A.Gora, B.
Dobroborski, .
Kadiskin, V.Naumov
Quantitative
estimation of workplaces of the airdispatchers and definition of perspective ways
of their improvement
with
the help of a parameter "Ergoemcost"
The problem of safety of air flights is one of most urgent in the world.
Despite of significant efforts of conducting world firms specializing on
development of workplaces of the airdispatchers, these places do not provide
necessary guarantees from mistakes because of the human factor sometimes which
is coming to an end by accidents.
The researches, carried out by us, of existing designs, structure and
configuration of the equipment on workplaces of the airdispatchers Russian
Federation, used at the various airenterprises, including advanced, in
particular, developed and made now by firm "Nita" (Russia), have
shown, that the workplaces of the airdispatchers are executed with gross
infringements of the normative documents, in particular of standard of
Russia R 50923-96 " Displays. A
workplace of the operator. The common ergonomic requirements and requirements
by industrial environment. Methods of measurement ", sanitary rules and
norms 2.2.2.542-96" Hygienic
requirements to videodisplay terminals, personal computers both organization of
work " and line of the hygienic recommendations.
To such infringements, in particular, it is necessary to attribute high,
including accommodation of monitors in two levels, high arrangement of a
table-tops unsufficient or an inconvenient place for legs, an arrangement of
the operative information above a head of the dispatcher etc.
In a fig. 1 the example of a workplace of a complex of automation of
planning of air movement "Planet" of firm "Nita" is given.
As it is visible from a fig. 1, the design of a workplace does not meet
to the requirements GOST R 50923-
. All this substantially reduces
serviceability of the operator and increases probability of his mistake.
Fig.
In a fig. 2
other design of firm "Nita" - complex dispatching workplace for
trainings "Expert" is given.
.
As it is visible from a fig. 2, the
design of a complex dispatching workplace "Expert" has the same basic
lacks, as "Planet": a high table-top, high arrangement of monitors.
But here there is one more essential lack - there is no sufficient place for
legs.
In a fig. 3 the design of a dispatching
educational place "Navigator" of firm " Computer training
systems " is given.
As it is visible from a fig. 3, this
educational place has the same lacks, as "Planet"
The researches, carried out(spent) by us, which results are resulted below,
have shown, that the inconvenient workplaces cause in the airdispatchers to
fast overfatigue and significant growth of probability of mistakes because of
the human factor.
Fig.
Thus, efficiency of huge expenses on technical
arms of the airdispatchers: locators, pelengatours, automated control systems,
ñëîæíåéøèå the
computer programs and so on, because of
bad designing of workplaces of the airdispatchers considerably decreases, that
quite often results in emergencies and even to accidents.
As have shown our supervision over work of the airdispatchers,
even in a mode of training, at imitation of emergencies them
îðãàíèçì is exposed to
serious stressful loadings resulting in increase arterial pressure, to the increased number of intimate
reductions etc. And during work the airdispatchers frequently of changes in a
condition organism do not mark.
As the basic reasons of such rule(situation) it is necessary to consider
the following:
1. Tradition in thinking of the developers of workplaces of the
airdispatchers;
2. Absence of means of a quantitative estimation of ergonomic parameters
of workplaces of the airdispatchers;
3. Absence on workplaces of means of the operative control of a physical
and psychological condition the airdispatchers.
Fig.
As a result of joint works of faculty
of preventive medicine of the St.-Petersburg medical academy by him
I.I.Machnicov, research-and-production firm "Sensor control", fund of
assistance to development of the international scientific and technical and
cultural communications "Cooperation" and firms " Computer
training systems " (the Academy of civil aircraft) was developed an
essentially new design of a workplace of the airdispatchers completely taking
into account the requirements of the mentioned above normative documents, and
also character and specificity of work of the airdispatchers.
On this workplace use of the modern equipment and specialized computer
program "Navigator", and also system of the operative control of a
condition of health of the airdispatchers " The Doctor Maus " is
stipulated.
Fig.
For an estimation of efficiency of the
workplace, entered into a design, of the airdispatcher of changes we carried
out comparative researches of a dispatching educational place
"Navigator" and working breadboard model.
The researches, carried out(spent) by
us, of a condition oreganism of the airdispatchers included the following
techniques:
1.
Psychological
test "Attention" under the tables Shulte;
2.
Measurement
arterial of pressure on a method Korotcov;
3.
Measurement tremor;
4.
Measurement of temperature of a surface of brushes of hands;
5.
Pletismografiy.
Registration and analysis pletismograms were made with use of a computer
complex " the Doctor Maus ", with which help the operative
registration (about one minute) pletismogramm from the large finger of the
right hand with the subsequent mathematical processing of the received
information was carried out.
Psychological estimation of workplaces on parameter
"Attention", and also quantitative estimation and structural analysis
of quality of workplaces on parameter "Ergoemcost" were made with the
help of the special computer program " Loqus 2003.1".
The results of researches have shown, that by the basic reason of
weariness of the airdispatchers was not huge psychological loading, as was
considered always, and physical, caused as inconvenient workplaces. And the
weariness from physical loading exceeded weariness from psychological loading
up to 2 times.
New workplace executed in view of all ergonomic recommendations: height
of a table, situation of a head, hands and legs, direction of a sight, on
Ergoemcost with a workplace "Navigator" has allowed to reduce
weariness of the airdispatchers up to three times.
On
a new workplace by the basic reason of weariness was already psychological
loading.
Thus, application in ergonomic researches of the computer program "
Loqus 2003.1" and equipment " The Doctor Maus ", have allowed
quantitatively to determine ergonomic quality of workplaces and basic
directions on their improvement.