Many of the words geologists use are borrowed from architecture.

arch�A structure created by uplift, with a convex-upward cross section.
buttress�A spur or projection on the side of a mountain.
castellated�Shaped like a battlement or tower.
colonnade�Part of the internal structure of a thick basalt flow with columnar jointing.
cornice�An overhanging ledge of snow or rock at the top of a cliff.
cupola�The dome-shaped top of an intrusion.
dome�Any of various round features with uplifted centers.
entablature�The upper part of a thick basalt flow, above the colonnade.
fluting�Large grooves or corrugations, formed by weathering in rock or by scouring or gouging in sediment.
mullion structure�A corrugated texture in metamorphosed rocks resembling the frames of tall church windows.
palisade�An exposure of basalt columns resembling the log walls of a wooden fort.

pedestal�A type of hoodoo with a wide top.
pediment�The rock slope at the base of a mountain front in arid country, named after the roof of a portico in classic Greek buildings.
pendant�A formation attached to the inside of a dome, such as a stalactite in a cave or a remnant of country rock on the roof of a batholith.
shelf�The wide, flat underwater regions at the edges of many continents.
sill�A horizontal intrusion, like the slab beneath a window.
tectonics�Large-scale architecture, from a word denoting the arts of builders.
terrace�A long, narrow, level surface built by deposition or erosion.
tessera�A type of region on the planet Venus that resembles the broken-up surface of mosaics.
window�Part of a thrust sheet that is eroded to reveal the rocks beneath (also called a fenster or fen�tre). Also, any of various openings such as the space beneath a natural bridge or an opening in the roof of a lava tube.